2016年5月30日 星期一

《民意,誰說了算?人民知情的抉擇》註腳-第一章

第一章:洪秀柱美國碩士學歷事件
                處理真相的能力
註腳
1 Freedom House, Freedom of Press 2016, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/freedom-press-2016 (last visited May 03, 2016).
2 Reporters Without Borders, 2016 World Press Freedom Index, https://rsf.org/en/ranking (last visited May 03, 2016).
3 United States Department of State, A Free Press, (May 06, 2008), http://www.ait.org.tw/infousa/zhtw/DOCS/prinDemocracy/freepress.html (last visited March 31, 2016) (“In a democracy the press should operate free from governmental control. Democratic governments do not have ministries of information to regulate content of newspapers or the activities of journalists; requirements that journalists be vetted by the state; or force journalists to join government-controlled unions. In democracies the government is accountable for its actions. Citizens therefore expect to be informed about decisions their governments make on their behalf. The press facilitates this "right to know," by serving as a watchdog over the government, helping citizens to hold government accountable, and questioning its policies. Democratic governments grant journalists access to public meetings and public documents. They do not place prior restraints on what journalists may say or print. The press, itself, must act responsibly. Through professional associations, independent press councils, and "ombudsmen," in-house critics who hear public complaints, the press responds to complaints of its own excesses and remains internally accountable. Democracy requires the public to make choices and decisions. In order for the public to trust the press, journalists must provide factual reporting based on credible sources and information. Plagiarism and false reporting are counterproductive to a free press.”).
4 古明弘,強叔爆粗口外國媒體大肆報導,自由新聞網,2004924日,http://old.ltn.com.tw/2004/new/sep/24/today-show2.htm 最後瀏覽日:201654日)。
5 Mark Magnier, They Can’t Handle the Truth, The Los Angeles Times, February 28, 2005, http://articles.latimes.com/2005/feb/28/world/fg-hounds28 (last visited May 04, 2016) (“Taiwan's media go all out for a story, even if the facts aren't there. Reformers don't have much clout in a culture that's so freewheeling.”).

6 Douglas H. Paal, Some Reflections on My Time in Taiwan, The Brookings Institution, July 13, 2006, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/events/2006/7/13northeast-asia/20060713.pdf (last visited March 31, 2016) (“[D]uring my time in office I had the chance to deal with rambunctious Taiwan media on a continuing basis.”; “Similarly, Taiwan's media draw lots of criticism…Particularly noticeable in the hot competition to stay on top of the news cycle is the absence of investigative journalism as we know it.”).
7 Carl Bernstein & Bob Woodward, All the President’s Men 244-246 (Simon & Schuster) (1974) (“The argument became so heated that they would occasionally retreat to the vending-machine room off the newsroom floor and shout at each other. Bernstein accused Woodward of playing into the hands of the White House by holding back on the story. Woodward accused Bernstein of the same by trying to push a story into the paper that could lead to a damaging attack by the White House. But the old rule applied: If either objected to a story, it did not go into the paper.”).
8 顏凡斐,周玉蔻驚爆 洪秀柱碩士學歷是「假貨」,蘋果日報,2015623日,http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20150623/633937/(最後瀏覽日:2016328日)。
9 陳伃軒,回應學歷造假 洪秀柱:求學過程與證書是真的,自由時報,2015623日,http://election.ltn.com.tw/2016/news/breakingnews/1356628 (最後瀏覽日:201644日)。
10劉屏,全美學位紀構機構確認 洪秀柱的碩士係真ㄟ,中時電子報,2015625日,http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20150625000437-260102(最後瀏覽日:201621日)。
11同上。
12江春男,司馬觀點:洪潮快要退了,蘋果日報,20150624日,http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/20150624/36626228/(最後瀏覽日:201621日)。
13Deborah Potter,獨立新聞工作手冊-什麼是新聞,美國國務院國際資訊局,http://www.ait.org.tw/infousa/zhtw/PUBS/Handbook_Journalism/index.htm(最後瀏覽日:2016 54日)。
14李晶玉、彭文正,正晶限時批,壹電視,2015623日,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqG-5ANWyrc最後瀏覽日:201654日)。
15台灣記協【新聞倫理公約】,http://atj.yam.org.tw/ethic.htm(最後瀏覽日:2016329日)。
16美國教育資訊中心,http://www.useas.com.tw/us_universities/truman_state_university.php(最後瀏覽日:201654日)。
17Potter13
18National Union of Journalists of the Great Britain, National Union of Journalists Code of Ethics, https://www.nuj.org.uk/about/nuj-code/ (last visited February 1, 2016) (“2. Strives to ensure that information disseminated is honestly conveyed, accurate and fair. 3. Does her/his utmost to correct harmful inaccuracies. 4. Differentiates between fact and opinion.).
19Merriam-Webster Dictionary, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fact (last visited February 1, 2016) (“Simple Definition of Fact: something that truly exists or happens, a true piece of information”).
20Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries, http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/fact?q=fact (last visited February 1, 2016) (“[A] thing that is known to be true, especially when it can be proved, It’s about time you learnt to face (the) facts (=accepted the truth about the situation).”).
21外國大學參考名冊查詢系統,中華民國教育部,http://fsedu.cloud.ncnu.edu.tw/home.aspx (最後瀏覽日:201654日)。
22U.S. News and World Report, Best College Ranking and List, http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings (last visited on May 4, 2016).
23李晶玉、彭文正,註14
24黃捷台灣亂源在哪嚴長壽立委與媒體台灣醒報2015104https://anntw.com/articles/20151004-q4eO最後瀏覽日201621

25蔡依橙,為什麼你該關注《羅輯思維》http://i-chentsai.innovarad.tw/2014/07/why_logisiwei.html2014720日(最後瀏覽日201621

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