第一章:洪秀柱美國碩士學歷事件
處理真相的能力
註腳
【1】 Freedom
House, Freedom
of Press 2016, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/freedom-press-2016
(last visited May 03, 2016).
【2】 Reporters
Without Borders, 2016 World Press Freedom Index, https://rsf.org/en/ranking
(last visited May 03, 2016).
【3】 United
States Department of State, A Free Press,
(May 06, 2008), http://www.ait.org.tw/infousa/zhtw/DOCS/prinDemocracy/freepress.html
(last visited March 31, 2016) (“In a democracy the press should operate free
from governmental control. Democratic governments do not have ministries of
information to regulate content of newspapers or the activities of journalists;
requirements that journalists be vetted by the state; or force journalists to
join government-controlled unions. In democracies the government is accountable
for its actions. Citizens therefore expect to be informed about decisions their
governments make on their behalf. The press facilitates this "right to
know," by serving as a watchdog over the government, helping citizens to
hold government accountable, and questioning its policies. Democratic
governments grant journalists access to public meetings and public documents.
They do not place prior restraints on what journalists may say or print. The
press, itself, must act responsibly. Through professional associations,
independent press councils, and "ombudsmen," in-house critics who
hear public complaints, the press responds to complaints of its own excesses
and remains internally accountable. Democracy requires the public to make
choices and decisions. In order for the public to trust the press, journalists
must provide factual reporting based on credible sources and information.
Plagiarism and false reporting are counterproductive to a free press.”).
【4】 古明弘,強叔爆粗口外國媒體大肆報導,自由新聞網,2004年9月24日,http://old.ltn.com.tw/2004/new/sep/24/today-show2.htm
(最後瀏覽日:2016年5月4日)。
【5】 Mark
Magnier, They
Can’t Handle the Truth, The Los
Angeles Times, February 28, 2005, http://articles.latimes.com/2005/feb/28/world/fg-hounds28
(last
visited May 04, 2016) (“Taiwan's media go all out for a story, even if the facts aren't there.
Reformers don't have much clout in a culture that's so freewheeling.”).
【6】 Douglas
H. Paal, Some Reflections on My Time in
Taiwan, The Brookings Institution, July 13, 2006, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/events/2006/7/13northeast-asia/20060713.pdf (last visited March 31, 2016) (“[D]uring my time in office I had
the chance to deal with rambunctious Taiwan media on a continuing basis.”;
“Similarly, Taiwan's media draw lots of criticism…Particularly noticeable in
the hot competition to stay on top of the news cycle is the absence of
investigative journalism as we know it.”).
【7】 Carl Bernstein & Bob Woodward, All the President’s
Men 244-246 (Simon
& Schuster) (1974) (“The argument became so heated
that they would occasionally retreat to the vending-machine room off the
newsroom floor and shout at each other. Bernstein accused Woodward of playing
into the hands of the White House by holding back on the story. Woodward
accused Bernstein of the same by trying to push a story into the paper that
could lead to a damaging attack by the White House. But the old rule applied:
If either objected to a story, it did not go into the paper.”).
【8】 顏凡斐,周玉蔻驚爆 洪秀柱碩士學歷是「假貨」,蘋果日報,2015年6月23日,http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20150623/633937/(最後瀏覽日:2016年3月28日)。
【9】 陳伃軒,回應學歷造假 洪秀柱:求學過程與證書是真的,自由時報,2015年6月23日,http://election.ltn.com.tw/2016/news/breakingnews/1356628
(最後瀏覽日:2016年4月4日)。
【10】劉屏,全美學位紀構機構確認 洪秀柱的碩士係真ㄟ,中時電子報,2015年6月25日,http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20150625000437-260102(最後瀏覽日:2016年2月1日)。
【11】同上。
【12】江春男,司馬觀點:洪潮快要退了,蘋果日報,2015年06月24日,http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/20150624/36626228/(最後瀏覽日:2016年2月1日)。
【13】Deborah
Potter,獨立新聞工作手冊-什麼是新聞,美國國務院國際資訊局,http://www.ait.org.tw/infousa/zhtw/PUBS/Handbook_Journalism/index.htm(最後瀏覽日:2016 年5月4日)。
【17】Potter,註13。
【18】National Union of
Journalists of the Great Britain, National Union of Journalists
Code of Ethics, https://www.nuj.org.uk/about/nuj-code/
(last visited February 1, 2016) (“2. Strives to
ensure that information disseminated is honestly conveyed, accurate and fair.
3. Does her/his utmost to correct harmful inaccuracies. 4. Differentiates between
fact and opinion.”).
【19】Merriam-Webster
Dictionary, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fact
(last visited February 1, 2016) (“Simple Definition of Fact: something that truly exists or happens, a true piece of
information”).
【20】Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries, http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/fact?q=fact
(last visited February 1, 2016) (“[A] thing that is known to be true, especially when it can be
proved, It’s about time you learnt to face (the) facts
(=accepted the truth about the situation).”).
【22】U.S. News and World Report, Best College Ranking and List, http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings
(last visited on May 4, 2016).
【23】李晶玉、彭文正,註14。
【25】蔡依橙,為什麼你該關注《羅輯思維》,http://i-chentsai.innovarad.tw/2014/07/why_logisiwei.html,2014年7月20日(最後瀏覽日:2016年2月1日)。
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